剖析历年高考考试英语试题，大家可将阅读理解总结为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的方法与方案是学生提升阅读理解多需要拥有的。北京高考考试在线团队为大伙整理了超全的高考考试英语阅读理解（经典题型+解题方法），供同学们记忆！
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2025北京高考考试英语阅读理解四种题型答卷方法
主旨大意题
这种题在设题时常会用到title，subject，main idea，TOPic，theme等词。
1.总结标题题
特征：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精准性强，表达范围要适合，不可以随便改变语意程度或色彩。容易见到命题形式有：
Whats the best title for the text?
The best title for this passage is ___.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
★考试真题范例：
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (灾祸).
People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.
Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red "Buy Now" button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?
A. Colors and Human Beings
B. The Cultural Meaning of Color
C. Colors and Personal Experiences
D. The Meaning and Function of Color
答案：D
2.概括大意题
包含探寻段落大意（TOPic）和文章中心思想（main idea），容易见到命题形式有：
What is the general/main idea of the passage？
Which of the following expresses the main idea？
What is the subject discussed in the text?
The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____.
The passage/ text is mainly about_____.
Whats the article mainly about ？
★考试真题范例：
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
答案：C
解题思路
此文没主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有些details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没言明的主题思想。因为文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham同意教育的状况，即作者想告诉大家的是：Joshua Bingham同意过好的教育，所以答案是 Ｃ。
解题方法
阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可总结为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或者说明看法。对于这种文章，抓主题句是迅速学会文章大意的主要办法。主题句一般出目前文章的开头或结尾。主题句具备简洁性、概括性的特征。主题句在文章中的地方主要有以下几种状况。
坐落于段首：一般而言，以演绎法写作的文章，主题句总是在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是不是为主题句，可具体剖析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；假如从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明、论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有的段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one, the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽可能借助上述信号词来确定主题句的地方。
坐落于段尾：有的文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证讲解作者的核心论点。因此，假如第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好迅速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是不是拥有主题句的特点。假如它拥有主题句的特点，段落的主题思想就比较容易确定了。一般说来，当一种看法不容易向人讲解了解或不容易让人同意时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分借助引出结论的信号词。如so，therefore，thus，consequently，in conclusion，in short，in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的地方在段尾。当没有明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是不是是主题句。
坐落于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句总是会在段落中间出现。总结起来主要有两种状况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予讲解；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予讲解。
首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个地方上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，如此不但强调了主题思想，而且看上去灵活多变。这两个句子并不是简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要素作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去考虑。
无明确主题句：找关键字（出现频率较高）, 概括。
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